Healthcare

BiH has a complex, fragmented healthcare system divided between the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH) and Republika Srpska (RS), each with separate insurance funds and administrative structures. The result is uneven service quality, chronic staff shortages (many doctors emigrated post-war), and significant urban-rural disparities. Sarajevo and Banja Luka have the best facilities.

Expats with registered businesses or employment in BiH can access public healthcare by registering with the local Health Insurance Fund (Zavod za zdravstveno osiguranje) and paying monthly contributions. The public system covers basic care including GP visits, hospital stays, and subsidized medications, though waiting times can be long and English-speaking staff are rare.

Most expats supplement or replace public coverage with private health insurance. Private clinics in Sarajevo offer modern facilities, shorter wait times, and some English-speaking staff. International health insurance plans start at €40–€80/month and are essential for comprehensive coverage, medical evacuation, and access to higher-quality facilities in neighboring countries if needed.

Pharmacies (apoteke) are widely available throughout Sarajevo and Mostar, and many common medications are available over the counter without a prescription. Prices are significantly lower than in Western Europe, and pharmacists are often knowledgeable and helpful.